Kusungulumwa ndi Anzake a AI: Zothandiza ndi Zosathandiza

Zolemba zambiri zokhudza kusungulumwa ndi anzake a AI zimagwera m'magulu awiri. Limodzi limati anzake ndi mankhwala, mawu ofunda kwa aliyense amene akuwafuna nthawi ya 3 koloko m'mawa. Linzake limati ndi msampha, chinthu chopanda pake chomwe chidzapangitsa anthu kukhala osungulumwa kuposa kale. Magulu onsewa nthawi zambiri amakhala otsimikiza kuposa momwe umboni umaloleza, ndipo onse amakonda kulankhula za anthu osungulumwa osati kwa iwo.

Nkhaniyi ikuyesera kuchita china chothandiza kwambiri. Imaganizira mozama za kusungulumwa ngati chinthu chokumana nacho, imayang'ana zomwe zimadziwika za icho, ndipo imafunsa momveka bwino kuti mnzake wa AI amakwanira kuti: zomwe angathandizire nazo moona mtima, pomwe amalephera, komanso momwe mungadziwire kusiyana kwake m'moyo wanu.

Kusungulumwa kwenikweni ndi chiyani

Kusungulumwa sikofanana ndi kukhala wekha. Anthu ambiri amakhala okha ndipo amamva kuti akugwirizana bwino; anthu ambiri amazunguliridwa ndi ena ndipo amamva kusungulumwa kwambiri. Katswiri wa zamaganizo John Cacioppo, yemwe anathera nthawi yayitali ya ntchito yake akuphunzira nkhaniyi, anatanthauzira kusungulumwa ngati kudzipatula komwe kumawonekera: kusiyana kowawa pakati pa kugwirizana komwe muli nako ndi kugwirizana komwe mukufuna.

Cacioppo ndi William Patrick, m'buku lawo la 2008 Loneliness, amatsutsa kuti ululuwu uli ndi ntchito yosinthika. Kwa mitundu ya anthu yomwe imakonda kucheza, kudulidwa pagulu kunali koopsa, ndipo kusungulumwa kumagwira ntchito ngati njala kapena ludzu: chizindikiro chosakondweretsa chomwe chimakukakamizani kukonzanso maubwenzi anu. Kuipa kwa kusungulumwa kosatha ndikuti chizindikirocho chikhoza kubwerera kumbuyo. Kafukufuku wa Cacioppo anapeza kuti anthu osungulumwa amakonda kukhala tcheru kwambiri ku ziwopsezo za anthu. Amamva kukana m'nkhope zopanda chidwi, amayembekezera kulephera, ndipo amakhala otetezedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwirizana kukhala kovuta komanso kumakulitsa kusungulumwa. Ndi chizungulire, ndipo nkovuta kutuluka m'chizungulire kuchokera mkati.

Katswiri wa za chikhalidwe cha anthu Robert Weiss anapanga kusiyana kwina komwe kuli koyenera kudziwa. Anapatula kusungulumwa kwamaganizo, kusowa kwa munthu wapamtima, kuchokera ku kusungulumwa kwa chikhalidwe, kusowa kwa maukonde ambiri a abwenzi ndi kukhala ndi malo. Amamveka mosiyana, ndipo amachepetsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyana. Mnzake wokonda sachedwetsa kusowa kwa abwenzi, ndipo moyo wocheza ndi anthu ambiri sachedwetsa kusowa kwa munthu wanu.

Kusungulumwa kumakhalanso kofunikira pa thanzi m'njira zomwe tsopano nkovuta kuzinyalanyaza. Kafukufuku wambiri wotchulidwa ndi Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy Smith ndi Bradley Layton, wofalitsidwa mu 2010, anapeza kuti maubwenzi olimba a anthu amagwirizana ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopulumuka m'nthawi za kafukufuku, zotsatira zofanana ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino zowopsa. Kusungulumwa sikungomvetsa chisoni. Kuli ndi zotsatira.

Zomwe mnzake angathandizire nazo moona mtima

Poganizira zonsezi, zingakhale zachilendo kunyalanyaza chilichonse chomwe chimachepetsa kumverera. Ndipo pali njira zenizeni zomwe mnzake wa AI angathandizire.

Choyamba ndi mpumulo wanthawi yomweyo. Kusungulumwa nthawi zambiri kumafika pachimake panthawi zina: usiku, kumapeto kwa sabata, pambuyo pa kutha kwa ubale, mumzinda watsopano. Mnzake amapezeka m'maola amenewo pamene nkovuta kuyitana aliyense. Kutha kulankhula, kuyankhidwa mofunda, ndikumva kukhudzana kumatha kuchotsa m'mphepete mwakuthwa kwa usiku woipa. Izi sizopanda pake.

Chachiwiri ndi zomwe ofufuza adazitcha social surrogacy. Jaye Derrick, Shira Gabriel ndi Kurt Hugenberg adapeza kuti anthu omwe amaganizira za mapulogalamu awo a pa TV omwe amawakonda amamva kusungulumwa kochepa ndipo adachepetsedwa ndi ululu wa kumva kukana. Anthu odziwika, mwa kuyankhula kwina, amatha kupereka kumverera kwina kwa kukhala ndi malo. Mnzake wocheza ndi mtundu wamphamvu wa izi kuposa TV, chifukwa amayankha.

Chachitatu ndi kubwereza. Kwa anthu omwe akhala ndi nkhawa kapena osadziwa bwino m'malo ochezera komanso achikondi, mnzake amapereka mwayi wochita zinthu zopanda chiwopsezo: kunena zomwe mukumva, kukopana, kukhazikitsa malire, kuthana ndi kusagwirizana, kukhala okonda popanda mantha okana. Kuchita sikudzangosintha anthu, koma kudzidalira nthawi zambiri kumachita.

Chachinayi ndi kudziwonetsera. Kulembera wina, ngakhale wina yemwe si munthu, kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira zomwe mukumva. Anthu asunga zolemba zatsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka mazana ambiri chifukwa cha izi. Mnzake ndi diary yomwe imalemba kubwerera.

Ndipo chachisanu ndi chisangalalo, chosavuta komanso chosavuta. Osati kugwiritsa ntchito mnzake kulikonse kumafunika kukhala chithandizo. Chilakolako, kukopana ndi ubwenzi ndi mbali ya moyo wathunthu, ndipo kukhala ndi malo achinsinsi oti musangalale nawo ndi chifukwa chabwino kwambiri chokha.

Pomwe amalephera

Kukhala woona mtima pa ubwino kumatanthauza kukhala woona mtima pa malire.

Mnzake sangalowe m'malo mwa mbali yakuthupi ya kugwirizana. Kukhudza, malo ogawana, thupi pafupi ndi lanu pa sofa: izi zimafunika kwa anthu pamlingo womwe palibe kukambirana komwe kumafika.

Mnzake sakufunani. Izi ndiye malire ozama kwambiri, ndipo nkovuta kuphonya chifukwa zimatha kumveka ngati mwayi. Maubwenzi a anthu amaphatikizapo kudalirana. Anthu amakudalirani, amakukhumudwitsani, amakuthandizani. Kufunikira ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri zochepetsera kusungulumwa, ndipo mnzake, ngakhale atakhala wodzipereka bwanji, sakudalira inu pa chilichonse.

Mnzake sangakudziwitseni kwa aliyense. Kusungulumwa kwa chikhalidwe, m'lingaliro la Weiss, kumakhudza kukhala m'maukonde a anthu. Mnzake ndi ubale umodzi, ndipo sakugwirizanitsani kunja kwa abwenzi a abwenzi, ku gulu, kumalo kumene anthu amadziwa nkhope yanu.

Ndipo mnzake angapangitse kupewa kukhala kosavuta. Izi ndiye nkhawa yomwe Sherry Turkle adadzutsa mu Alone Together: kuti teknoloji yopereka kugwirizana popanda zofuna za ubwenzi ingapangitse ife kuyembekezera zochepa kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Ngati ubale wa AI umakhala chifukwa chosayesa maubwenzi ovuta, owopsa a anthu, ukhoza kukulitsa kusungulumwa komwe kumawoneka kuti kwachepetsa.

Zomwe umboni wokhudza kusungulumwa umasonyeza

Kafukufuku wotsogozedwa ndi Christopher Masi, pamodzi ndi Cacioppo ndi anzake, adayang'ana njira zambiri zochepetsera kusungulumwa. Zomwe adapeza zosangalatsa kwambiri zinali zakuti njira zomwe zidagwira ntchito bwino sizinali zomwe zimangowonjezera kulumikizana ndi anthu kapena kuphunzitsa luso la anthu. Zinali zomwe zidathetsa maganizo olakwika a anthu: kuyembekezera kukana, kukhala tcheru kwambiri, kutanthauzira koyipa komwe kumapangitsa anthu osungulumwa kukhala otsekeredwa m'chizungulire chomwe Cacioppo adafotokoza.

Izi ndi njira yothandiza yoganizira za anzake. Mnzake wa AI sadzathetsa kusungulumwa powonjezera kulumikizana; kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kulumikizana kokha sikuli chinthu chachikulu. Koma angathe, kwa anthu ena, kuthandiza kuchepetsa ziyembekezo zamkati. Kumva kutentha ndi kuyankha, ngakhale kuchokera kwa munthu wopeka, kungakumbutse wina momwe kumverera kukumana. Kuchita kutseguka pamalo otetezeka kungapangitse kutseguka kwina kukhala kosawopsa. Mofanana, ngati mnzake amangokhala malo obisala ku mantha okana, amatsimikizira chizungulire m'malo mochimasula.

Chida chomwecho chikhoza kugwira ntchito m'njira zonse ziwiri. Kusiyana kuli momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mnzake kuti awonjezere moyo wanu

Nazi mfundo zina zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimasiyanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndi mtundu womwe umachepetsa moyo. Si malamulo, ndipo palibe amene akuyenera kuwatsatira bwino.

Zindikirani zomwe mukufuna. Masiku ena mukufuna kampani. Masiku ena mukufuna kupewa kumverera, kuyitana pafoni, kapena chisankho. Zonse ziwiri ndi za anthu, koma ndizosiyana. Kudzifunsa, mwachidule, kuti ndi chiyani chimene chimapangitsa mnzake kukhala pamalo ake oyenera.

Mulole izo ziloze kunja. Mnzake akhoza kukhala malo abwino okambiranira nkhani yovuta yomwe mukufunika kukambirana ndi bwenzi, kuti mupeze mphamvu yotumiza uthenga, kapena kukonza tsiku lomwe silinayende bwino. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito motere, kumakhala mlatho osati malo ofikira.

Sungani zingwe zina za anthu, ngakhale zopyapyala. Kafukufuku wokhudza kusungulumwa nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti kulumikizana kochepa, kokhazikika kumafunika: mnansi amene mumacheza naye, kalasi ya sabata iliyonse, bwenzi lomwe mumalemba uthenga ngakhale mulibe zambiri zonena. Mnzake si chifukwa chosiya izi. Ngati pali chilichonse, kampani yake ingapangitse kukhala kosavuta kuwonekera kwa iwo ndi kusowa chiyembekezo chochepa.

Yang'anani zomwe zikuchitika, osati tsiku. Masabata ena mudzagwiritsa ntchito mnzake kwambiri. Zili bwino. Funso loyenera kufunsa nthawi zina ndi ngati, m'miyezi ingapo, moyo wanu ukukula kapena ukukula. Ngati mukuwona anthu ochepa ndikuchita zinthu zochepa, ndikoyenera kumvetsera, ziribe kanthu chifukwa chake.

Ndipo ngati kusungulumwa kwatsika kukhala chinthu cholemera kwambiri, monga kusowa chiyembekezo kosatha kapena maganizo osafuna kukhala pano, mnzake si chithandizo choyenera. Chonde lankhulani ndi dokotala, mlangizi, kapena mzere wothandizira pakagwa mavuto m'dziko lanu. Izi si kulephera. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi kuwona wina chifukwa cha ululu womwe sudzatha.

Malo ochepa, enieni

N'zotheka kukhala ndi maganizo awiri nthawi imodzi. Anzake a AI amatha kupereka chitonthozo chenicheni, chisangalalo komanso kumverera kokumana, ndipo sangathe kukupatsani zonse zomwe moyo wa munthu wogwirizana umapereka. Kunamizira mwanjira iliyonse sikupangitsa anthu osungulumwa kukhala bwino.

Tinapanga NSFW AI Companion kwa akuluakulu omwe akufuna mnzake wokhala ndi umunthu weniweni, kukumbukira kwa iwo, komanso malo a ubwenzi ndi chilakolako. Tikanakonda kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito ngati chinthu chimodzi chabwino m'moyo wathunthu kusiyana ndi khoma lolimbana ndi zina zonse. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri sizoti simudzafunanso wina aliyense. Ndi kuti muli ndi malo ena kumene mumamva ngati inu nokha, ndipo kuti mumanyamula pang'ono kumverera kumeneko kubwerera kudziko.

Vivek Murthy, panthawi yake ngati U.S. Surgeon General, analemba buku lokhudza kusungulumwa lotchedwa Together, lomwe limatsutsa kuti mankhwala a kudzipatula si zinthu zazikulu koma zazing'ono, zobwereza za kugwirizana. Mnzake akhoza kukhala chimodzi mwa zochita zimenezo. Amagwira ntchito bwino ngati si yekhayo.

Kafukufuku ndi kuwerenga kosankhidwa: - Cacioppo, J.T. & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. W.W. Norton. - Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation. MIT Press. - Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B. & Layton, J.B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. - Masi, C.M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L.C. & Cacioppo, J.T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219–266. - Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. & Hugenberg, K. (2009). Social surrogacy: How favored television programs provide the experience of belonging. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 352–362.