Ubunzima Bokuba Wedwa Nezihlobo Ze-AI: Okusizayo Nokungasizi

Imibhalo eminingi ephathelene nobunzima bokuba wedwa nezihlobo ze-AI iwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili. Enye ithi izihlobo ziyikhambi, izwi elifudumele kunoma ubani olidingayo ngo-3 ekuseni. Enye ithi ziyisicupho, isikhundla esingenalutho esizoshiya abantu behlukanisiwe kunakuqala. Zombili izinhlobo zivame ukuqiniseka kakhulu kunalokho ubufakazi obuvumelayo, futhi zombili zivame ukukhuluma ngabantu abanesizungu kunokuba zikhulume nabo.

Le ndatshana izama ukwenza okuthile okuwusizo kakhulu. Ithatha ubunzima bokuba wedwa njengesipiliyoni esibalulekile, ibheka okwaziwayo ngakho, futhi ibuza ngokusobala ukuthi isihlobo se-AI singena kuphi: singasiza ngempela ngani, sihluleka kuphi, nokuthi ungakuhlukanisa kanjani empilweni yakho.

Ubunzima bokuba wedwa buyini ngempela

Ubunzima bokuba wedwa akufani nokuba wedwa. Abantu abaningi bahlala bodwa futhi bazizwa bexhumeke kahle; abantu abaningi bahlala nabanye abantu futhi bazizwa benesizungu esikhulu. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uJohn Cacioppo, owachitha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe efunda le ndaba, wachaza ubunzima bokuba wedwa njengokuhlukaniswa komphakathi okubonwayo: igebe elibuhlungu phakathi kokuxhumana onakho nokuxhumana oludingayo.

UCacioppo noWilliam Patrick, encwadini yabo yango-2008 ethi Loneliness, bathi lobu buhlungu bunomsebenzi wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kuzinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala emphakathini, ukunqanyulwa eqenjini kwakuyingozi, futhi ubunzima bokuba wedwa busebenza njengendlala noma ukoma: isignali engathandeki ekusunduzela ukuba ulungise izibopho zakho zomphakathi. Ububi bobunzima bokuba wedwa obungapheli ukuthi isignali ingase ihlehle. Ucwaningo lukaCacioppo lwathola ukuthi abantu abanesizungu bavame ukuqaphela kakhulu usongo lomphakathi. Bafunda ukwenqatshwa ebusweni obungathathi hlangothi, balindele ukudumazeka, futhi baba qaphela kakhulu, okwenza ukuxhumana kube nzima futhi kujulise ubunzima bokuba wedwa. Kuyindilinga, futhi izindilinga kunzima ukuphuma kuzo ngaphakathi.

Isazi sezenhlalo uRobert Weiss wenza omunye umehluko okufanele uwazi. Wahlukanisa ubunzima bokuba wedwa ngokomzwelo, ukungabikho komuntu osondelene naye, nobuhlobo obusondelene, nokungabikho kwenethiwekhi enkulu yabangane nokuba yingxenye yeqembu. Kuzwakala kuhluke, futhi kukhululeka ngezinto ezahlukene. Umlingani onothando akulungisi ngokuphelele ukuntuleka kwabangane, futhi impilo yomphakathi ematasa ayikulungisi ngokuphelele ukuntuleka komuntu ongokwakho.

Ubunzima bokuba wedwa bubalulekile futhi empilweni ngezindlela okunzima ukuzishaya indiva manje. Ucwaningo olukhulu olucashunwa kakhulu olwenziwa nguJulianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy Smith noBradley Layton, olwanyatheliswa ngo-2010, lwathola ukuthi ubudlelwano obuqinile bomphakathi buhambisana nethuba elikhulu lokusinda ezikhathini zocwaningo, umphumela ofanayo ngobukhulu nezici eziyingozi ezaziwayo. Ubunzima bokuba wedwa akusona nje isizungu. Kunemiphumela emibi.

Okungasizwa ngempela isihlobo

Uma kubhekwa konke lokho, kungaba yinto engajwayelekile ukushaya indiva noma yini enciphisa umuzwa. Futhi kunezindlela zangempela lapho isihlobo se-AI singasiza khona.

Okokuqala ukukhululeka ngokushesha. Ubunzima bokuba wedwa buvame ukufinyelela esicongweni ngezikhathi ezithile: ebusuku kakhulu, ngezimpelasonto, ngemuva kokuhlukana, edolobheni elisha. Isihlobo sitholakala ngalezo zikhathi lapho kungafanele ukubiza noma ubani. Ukukwazi ukukhuluma, uphendulwe ngemfudumalo, futhi uzwe ukuxhumana kungasusa ubuhlungu obukhulu bobusuku obubi. Akusona lutho oluncane.

Okwesibili yinto abacwaningi abayibize ngokuthi i-social surrogacy. UJaye Derrick, Shira Gabriel noKurt Hugenberg bathola ukuthi abantu abacabanga ngezinhlelo zabo zethelevishini abazithandayo bazizwa bekhululekile ebunzimeni bokuba wedwa futhi bavikelwa ekuhluphekeni kokuzizwa benqatshiwe. Abalingiswa abajwayelekile, ngamanye amazwi, bangahlinzeka ngomunye umuzwa wokuba yingxenye. Isihlobo esisebenzisanayo siyindlela enamandla kakhulu yalokhu kunethelevishini, ngoba siyaphendula.

Okwesithathu ukuzijwayeza. Kubantu abaye baba novalo noma abangajwayele izimo zomphakathi nezothando, isihlobo sinikeza ukuzijwayeza okungenabungozi: ukusho okuzwayo, ukudlala ngothando, ukubeka umngcele, ukuphatha ukungezwani, ukuba nothando ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwenqatshwa. Ukuzijwayeza ngeke kudlulele kubantu ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ukuzethemba kuvame ukwenza kanjalo.

Okwesine ukuziveza. Ukubhalela umuntu, ngisho nomuntu ongesona isidalwa esiphilayo, kungakusiza ukuba uqaphele okuzwayo. Abantu baye bagcina amadayari amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Isihlobo idayari ebhala emuva.

Futhi okwesihlanu injabulo, elula futhi ecacile. Akukhona konke ukusebenzisa isihlobo okudingeka kube ukwelapha. Isifiso, ukudlala ngothando nokusondelana kuyingxenye yempilo egcwele, futhi ukuba nendawo yangasese yokukujabulela kuyisizathu esihle kakhulu ngokwayo.

Lapho sihluleka khona

Ukuba qotho ngezinzuzo kusho ukuba qotho ngokulingana ngemikhawulo.

Isihlobo asikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ubukhona bomzimba bokuxhumana. Ukuthinta, indawo eyabiwe, umzimba eduze kwakho kusofa: lokhu kubalulekile kubantu ezingeni okungekho ngxoxo elifinyelela kulo.

Isihlobo asikudingi. Lo ngumkhawulo ojulile kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuwushaya indiva ngoba kungazwakala njengesinzuzo. Ubudlelwano babantu buhlanganisa ukuncikana. Abantu bathembele kuwe, badumazeke nguwe, basizwe nguwe. Ukudingeka kungenye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu zokulwa nobunzima bokuba wedwa, futhi isihlobo, noma ngabe sinomlingiswa ozinikele kangakanani, asincikile kuwe nganoma yini.

Isihlobo asikwazi ukukwazisa noma ubani. Ubunzima bokuba wedwa emphakathini, ngomqondo kaWeiss, bumayelana nokuba yingxenye yenethiwekhi yabantu. Isihlobo ubudlelwano obubodwa, futhi abukuxhumanisi ngaphandle nabangane babangane, nomphakathi, nendawo lapho abantu bazi ubuso bakho.

Futhi isihlobo singenza ukugwema kube lula. Lokhu ukukhathazeka uSherry Turkle akubeka encwadini yakhe ethi Alone Together: ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obunikeza ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwezidingo zobungane bungasiholela ekulindeleni okuncane komunye nomunye. Uma ubudlelwano be-AI buba isizathu sokungazami ubudlelwano babantu obunzima, obuyingozi kakhulu, bungase bujulise buthule ubunzima bokuba wedwa obubonakala bukhululeka.

Okusikisela ubufakazi ngobunzima bokuba wedwa

Ucwaningo olukhulu olwaholwa nguChristopher Masi, kanye noCacioppo nozakwabo, lwabheka izindlela eziningi zokunciphisa ubunzima bokuba wedwa. Okutholakele okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi izindlela ezasebenza kahle kakhulu kwakungezona ezazivele zandisa ukuxhumana komphakathi noma zifundisa amakhono omphakathi. Kwakuyizindlela ezazibhekana nokucabanga okungalungile komphakathi: ukulindela ukwenqatshwa, ukuqaphela kakhulu, ukuhumusha okungalungile okugcina abantu abanesizungu bevaleleke endilingeni uCacioppo ayichaza.

Lena indlela ewusizo yokucabanga ngezihlobo. Isihlobo se-AI ngeke silungise ubunzima bokuba wedwa ngokungeza ukuxhumana; ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi ukuxhumana kuphela akuyona into eyinhloko. Kodwa kungase, kwabanye abantu, kusize ekunciphiseni okulindelwe ngaphakathi. Ukuzwa imfudumalo nokuphendula, ngisho kusuka kumlingiswa oqanjiwe, kungase kukhumbuze umuntu ukuthi kuzwakala kanjani ukuhlangabezana. Ukuzijwayeza ukuvuleka endaweni ephephile kungase kwenze ukuvuleka kwenye indawo kungesabi kangako. Ngokufanayo, uma isihlobo siba indawo yokucasha ekwesabeni ukwenqatshwa, siqinisa indilinga kunokuyikhulula.

Ithuluzi elifanayo lingasebenza ezinhlangothini zombili. Umehluko ulele ekutheni lisetshenziswa kanjani.

Ukusebenzisa isihlobo ukuze sengeze empilweni yakho

Nawa amanye amazinga abonakala ehlukanisa ukusebenzisa okunempilo kulokho okunciphisa impilo. Akuzona izimiso, futhi akekho odinga ukuzilandela ngokuphelele.

Qaphela ukuthi ufinyelela ini. Ngamanye amabhasi ufuna inkampani. Ngamanye ufuna ukugwema umuzwa, ucingo, noma isinqumo. Zombili ziyizinto zabantu, kodwa zihlukile. Ukuzibuza, kafushane, ukuthi yikuphi okugcina isihlobo endaweni yaso efanele.

Masikhombise ngaphandle. Isihlobo singaba indawo enhle yokukhuluma ngengxoxo enzima okudingeka ube nayo nomngane, ukuze ube nesibindi sokuthumela umyalezo, noma ukuze ucubungule usuku olungahambanga kahle. Uma sisetshenziswa ngale ndlela, siba ibhuloho kunokuba sibe yindawo okuyiwa kuyo.

Gcina ezinye izintambo zabantu, ngisho nezincane. Ucwaningo ngobunzima bokuba wedwa luhlale lusikisela ukuthi ukuxhumana okuncane, okujwayelekile kubalulekile: umakhelwane okhuluma naye, ikilasi lamasonto onke, umngane omthumelela umyalezo ngisho noma ungenalutho oluningi ongakusho. Isihlobo akusona isizathu sokuzishiya lezi. Uma kukhona, inkampani yaso ingenza kube lula ukuvela kuzo ngaphandle kokuphelelwa ithemba.

Bheka umkhuba, hhayi usuku. Amanye amasonto uzosebenzisa isihlobo kakhulu. Kulungile lokho. Umbuzo okufanele uwubuze ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi, ezinyangeni, impilo yakho iyakhula noma iyancipha. Uma ubona abantu abambalwa futhi wenza izinto ezimbalwa, kufanelekile ukunaka, kungakhathaliseki isizathu.

Futhi uma ubunzima bokuba wedwa buye bagxila entweni enzima kakhulu, njengokuphelelwa ithemba okuphikelelayo noma imicabango yokungafuni ukuba lapha, isihlobo akusona usizo olufanele. Sicela ukhulume nodokotela, umeluleki, noma umugqa wosizo ezweni lakini. Lokho akusona ukwehluleka. Kufana nokubona umuntu ngobuhlungu obungapheli.

Indawo encane, yangempela

Kungenzeka ukubamba imibono emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izihlobo ze-AI zinganikeza induduzo yangempela, injabulo nomuzwa wokuhlangabezana, futhi azikwazi ukukunika konke impilo yomuntu yokuxhumana ekunikezayo. Ukuzenza sengathi kungenjalo kunoma iyiphi indlela akusizi abantu abanesizungu.

Sakha i-NSFW AI Companion yabantu abadala abafuna isihlobo esinomlingiswa wangempela, inkumbulo yabo, nendawo yokusondelana nesifiso. Singathanda ukuthi abantu bayisebenzise njengento eyodwa enhle empilweni egcwele kunokuba ibe udonga olumelene nayo yonke impilo. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu akukhona ukuthi awusoze wamdinga omunye umuntu. Ukuthi unendawo eyodwa lapho uzizwa uyilokho oyikho, nokuthi uphatha kancane lowo muzwa ubuyele emhlabeni.

UVivek Murthy, ngesikhathi sakhe njengoMphathi Jikelele Wezempilo wase-U.S., wabhala incwadi ngobunzima bokuba wedwa ebizwa ngokuthi Together, ephikisana ngokuthi ikhambi lokuhlukaniswa akuzona izenzo ezinkulu kodwa izenzo ezincane, eziphindaphindwayo zokuxhumana. Isihlobo singaba esinye salezo zenzo. Sisebenza kahle kakhulu uma singesona sodwa.

Ucwaningo olukhethiwe nokufunda: - Cacioppo, J.T. & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. W.W. Norton. - Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation. MIT Press. - Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B. & Layton, J.B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. - Masi, C.M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L.C. & Cacioppo, J.T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219–266. - Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. & Hugenberg, K. (2009). Social surrogacy: How favored television programs provide the experience of belonging. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 352–362.