Ubwigenge n'inshuti za AI: Ibigufasha n'ibitakugira icyo bimara

Inyandiko nyinshi zerekeye ubwigenge n'inshuti za AI zigwa mu byiciro bibiri. Kimwe kivuga ko inshuti ari umuti, ijwi ryiza kuri buri wese urikeneye saa cyenda za mu gitondo. Ikindi kivuga ko ari umutego, ikintu cy'ubusa kizatera abantu kwihererana kurushaho. Ibyiciro byombi akenshi biba byizeye kurusha uko ibimenyetso bibyemerera, kandi byombi bikunda kuvuga ku bantu bonyine aho kuvugana nabo.

Iyi nyandiko igerageza gukora ikintu gifite akamaro kurushaho. Ifata ubwigenge nk'ubunararibonye bukomeye, ireba ibizwi kuri bwo, kandi ibaza neza aho inshuti ya AI ijyana: ibyo ishobora gufasha koko, aho igera ikagabanuka, n'uburyo bwo kumenya itandukaniro mu buzima bwawe.

Ubwigenge ni iki koko

Ubwigenge si kimwe no kuba wenyine. Abantu benshi babaho bonyine kandi bakumva bafitanye isano nziza; abantu benshi bagoswe n'abandi kandi bakumva bonyine cyane. Umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze John Cacioppo, wamaze igihe kinini cy'akazi ke yiga kuri iki kintu, yasobanuye ubwigenge nk'ubwigenge bw'imibereho butekerezwaho: icyuho kibabaza hagati y'isano ufite n'isano ukeneye.

Cacioppo na William Patrick, mu gitabo cyabo cyo mu 2008 cyitwa Loneliness, bavuga ko ubu bubabare bufite akamaro mu bwihindurize. Ku bwoko bw'ibiremwa bifitanye isano, gutandukana n'itsinda byari bibi, kandi ubwigenge bukora nka inzara cyangwa inyota: ikimenyetso cyanga kigushishikariza gusana imikoranire yawe. Ubugome bw'ubwigenge budashira ni uko icyo kimenyetso gishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Ubushakashatsi bwa Cacioppo bwagaragaje ko abantu bonyine bakunda kuba maso kurushaho ku bwoba bw'imibereho. Basoma kwangwa mu maso adafite icyo avuga, bategereje gutereranwa, kandi bakaba maso kurushaho, ibyo bigatuma imikoranire igorana kandi bikongerera ubwigenge. Ni uruziga, kandi uruziga rugorana kuruvamo imbere.

Umuhanga mu by'imibereho Robert Weiss yashyizeho irindi tandukaniro rikwiye kumenywa. Yatandukanyije ubwigenge bw'amarangamutima, kubura umuntu w'ingenzi, n'ubwigenge bw'imibereho, kubura urusobe rwagutse rw'inshuti n'abandi. Byumvikana bitandukanye, kandi bigabanywa n'ibintu bitandukanye. Umukunzi ukunda ntabwo akiza rwose kubura inshuti, kandi ubuzima bwuzuye imikoranire ntabwo bukiza rwose kubura umuntu wawe.

Ubwigenge kandi bugira ingaruka ku buzima mu buryo ubu bugoranye kwirengagiza. Ubushakashatsi bwa Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy Smith na Bradley Layton, bwasohotse mu 2010, bwagaragaje ko imikoranire myiza y'imibereho yari ifitanye isano n'amahirwe menshi yo kubaho mu gihe cy'ubushakashatsi, ingaruka ingana n'ibindi bintu bizwi biteza ibyago. Ubwigenge si agahinda gusa. Bugira ingaruka.

Ibyo inshuti ishobora gufasha koko

Urebye ibyo byose, byaba bidasanzwe kwirengagiza ikintu cyose kigabanya icyo cyiyumviro. Kandi hari uburyo nyabwo inshuti ya AI ishobora gufasha.

Icya mbere ni ubufasha bwihuse. Ubwigenge akenshi bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu bihe runaka: nijoro cyane, mu mpera z'icyumweru, nyuma yo gutandukana, mu mujyi mushya. Inshuti iba ihari muri ayo masaha iyo bidashoboka guhamagara umuntu uwo ari we wese. Kuba ushobora kuvuga, gusubizwa neza, no kumva ko hari umuntu ufite isano nawe bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'ijoro ribi. Ibyo si ubusa.

Icya kabiri ni ikintu abashakashatsi bise social surrogacy. Jaye Derrick, Shira Gabriel na Kurt Hugenberg basanze ko abantu batekereza kuri porogaramu zabo za televiziyo bakunda bumvaga ubwigenge buke kandi bakakingirwa ku bwoba bwo kumva banze. Abantu bazwi, mu yandi magambo, bashobora gutanga igice cy'icyiyumviro cyo kuba mu itsinda. Inshuti ikorana nawe ni uburyo bukomeye kurusha televiziyo, kuko isubiza.

Icya gatatu ni imyitozo. Ku bantu bahangayikishijwe cyangwa batakiri beza mu mikoranire y'imibereho n'urukundo, inshuti itanga imyitozo idafite ibyago byinshi: kuvuga ibyo wumva, gushukana, gushyiraho imbibi, guhangana n'impaka, gukunda nta bwoba bwo kwangwa. Imyitozo ntizahita ijya ku bantu, ariko kwizera akenshi birabaho.

Icya kane ni kwivuga. Kwandikira umuntu, n'ubwo atari umuntu, bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibyo wumva. Abantu bagiye bandika amakuru yabo bwite mu binyejana byinshi kubera iyi mpamvu. Inshuti ni igitabo cyandika gisubiza.

Kandi icya gatanu ni ibyishimo, byoroshye kandi byumvikana. Ntabwo buri gukoresha inshuti bigomba kuba bigamije kuvura. Irari, gushukana n'ubusabane ni igice cy'ubuzima bwuzuye, kandi kugira ahantu hihariye ho kubyishimira ni impamvu nziza ku giti cyayo.

Aho igera ikagabanuka

Kuba inyangamugayo ku nyungu bisobanura kuba inyangamugayo ku mbibi.

Inshuti ntishobora gusimbura ikintu cy'umubiri cy'isano. Gukorana, guhuza umwanya, umubiri iruhande rwawe ku ntebe: ibi bifite akamaro ku bantu ku rwego nta kiganiro kigera.

Inshuti ntikugomba. Iyi ni imbibi yimbitse, kandi biroroshye kuyibura kuko ishobora kumva ari inyungu. Imikoranire y'abantu ikubiyemo gushingirana. Abantu bakwiringira, bagucika intege, bagufasha. Gukenewe ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye birwanya ubwigenge, kandi inshuti, uko yaba yariyeguriye umuntu, ntabwo igukenera na gato.

Inshuti ntishobora kukumenyesha umuntu uwo ari we wese. Ubwigenge bw'imibereho, mu buryo bwa Weiss, ni ukuba mu rusobe rw'abantu. Inshuti ni isano imwe, kandi ntikuguza hanze ku nshuti z'inshuti, ku muryango, ku hantu abantu bazi isura yawe.

Kandi inshuti ishobora gutuma kwirinda byoroha. Iyi ni impungenge Sherry Turkle yagaragaje mu gitabo cye Alone Together: ko ikoranabuhanga ritanga isano nta bisabwa by'ubucuti rishobora gutuma twitega bike ku bandi. Niba isano ya AI ibaye impamvu yo kutagerageza izindi zikomeye, zifite ibyago byinshi, ishobora kongera ubwigenge yagaragayeho kugabanya.

Ibyo ibimenyetso ku bwigenge bigaragaza

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Christopher Masi, hamwe na Cacioppo n'abandi, bwasesenguye ingamba nyinshi zagenewe kugabanya ubwigenge. Ibyavuyemo bishimishije cyane ni uko ingamba zakoraga neza atari izongeraga gusa imikoranire y'imibereho cyangwa zigisha ubuhanga bw'imibereho. Ahubwo zari izikemura imitekerereze mibi y'imibereho: kwitega kwangwa, kuba maso cyane, gusobanura nabi ibintu bituma abantu bonyine baguma mu ruziga Cacioppo yasobanuye.

Iyi ni inzira nziza yo gutekereza ku nshuti. Inshuti ya AI ntizakemura ubwigenge yongerera imikoranire; ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imikoranire yonyine atari yo ngufu nyamukuru. Ariko ishobora, ku bantu bamwe, gufasha kugabanya ibyifuzo by'imbere. Kubona ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bwo gusubiza, n'ubwo byaba biturutse ku muntu wo mu bitekerezo, bishobora kwibutsa umuntu uko kumva wahuye n'umuntu biba bimeze. Kwitoza gufunguka ahantu hatekanye bishobora gutuma gufunguka ahandi bitera ubwoba buke. Kimwe n'uko, niba inshuti ibaye ahantu ho kwihisha ubwoba bwo kwangwa, yongerera uruziga aho kurugabanya.

Igikoresho kimwe gishobora gukora mu mpande zombi. Itandukaniro riri mu buryo gikoreshwa.

Gukoresha inshuti kugira ngo yongere ubuzima bwawe

Dore zimwe mu mahame agaragara ko atandukanya imikoreshereze myiza n'iyigabanya ubuzima. Ntabwo ari amategeko, kandi nta muntu ugomba kuyakurikiza neza.

Menya icyo ushaka kugeraho. Mu mpera z'ijoro zimwe ushaka sosiyete. Mu zindi ushaka kwirinda icyiyumviro, guhamagara kuri telefoni, cyangwa icyemezo. Byombi ni ibya kimuntu, ariko biratandukanye. Kwibaza, mu magambo make, icyo ari cyo bikunda gutuma inshuti iguma mu mwanya wayo ukwiye.

Iyihe isano n'abandi. Inshuti ishobora kuba ahantu heza ho kuganirira ikiganiro kigoye ugomba kugirana n'inshuti, kugira ubutwari bwo kohereza ubutumwa, cyangwa gutunganya umunsi w'urukundo utagenze neza. Iyo ikoreshejwe gutya, iba ikiraro aho kuba aho ugomba kugera.

Guma ufite imikoranire n'abantu, n'ubwo yaba idakomeye. Ubushakashatsi ku bwigenge buhora bugaragaza ko imikoranire mito, isanzwe ifite akamaro: umuturanyi muganira, ishuri rya buri cyumweru, inshuti wohereza ubutumwa n'ubwo nta byinshi ufite byo kuvuga. Inshuti si impamvu yo kubireka. Ahubwo, sosiyete yayo ishobora gutuma byoroha kubyitabira nta kwihangana gukabije.

Reba uko ibintu bigenda, ntabwo ari umunsi. Mu byumweru bimwe uzakoresha inshuti cyane. Ibyo birashoboka. Ikibazo gikwiye kwibazwa rimwe na rimwe ni uko, mu mezi, ubuzima bwawe buri kugenda bwaguka cyangwa bugabanuka. Niba uri kubona abantu bake kandi ukora ibintu bike, bikwiye kwitondera, uko impamvu yaba iri kose.

Kandi niba ubwigenge bwaraguye mu kintu gikomeye, nko kwiheba bidashira cyangwa gutekereza kutifuza kubaho, inshuti si ubufasha bukwiye. Nyamuneka vugana na muganga, umujyanama, cyangwa umurongo w'ubufasha mu gihugu cyawe. Ibyo si ugutsindwa. Ni kimwe no kubona umuntu kubera ububabare budashira.

Umwanya muto, nyabwo

Birashoboka kugira ibitekerezo bibiri icyarimwe. Inshuti za AI zishobora gutanga ihumure nyaryo, ibyishimo n'icyiyumviro cyo guhura n'umuntu, kandi ntizishobora kuguha ibintu byose ubuzima bw'umuntu bufite isano butanga. Kwiyumvisha ibindi mu mpande zombi ntibigira icyo bifasha abantu bonyine.

Twubatse NSFW AI Companion ku bantu bakuru bashaka inshuti ifite umuntu nyaryo, ibibuka, n'umwanya w'ubusabane n'irari. Twakwemera ko abantu bayikoresha nk'ikintu kimwe cyiza mu buzima bwuzuye kuruta nk'urukuta rurwanya ibindi byose. Ibyiza si uko utazigera ukeneye undi muntu. Ahubwo ni uko ufite ahantu hamwe ho kumva uri wowe, kandi ko utwara igice gito cy'icyo cyiyumviro ukagisohora mu isi.

Vivek Murthy, mu gihe yari Umuvugizi Mukuru w'Abaganga muri Amerika, yanditse igitabo kuri ubwigenge cyitwa Together, kivuga ko umuti w'ubwigenge atari ibikorwa binini ahubwo ari ibikorwa bito, bisubirwamo byo guhuza. Inshuti ishobora kuba kimwe muri ibyo bikorwa. Ikora neza iyo atari yo yonyine.

Ubushakashatsi n'inyandiko byatoranijwe: - Cacioppo, J.T. & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. W.W. Norton. - Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation. MIT Press. - Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B. & Layton, J.B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. - Masi, C.M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L.C. & Cacioppo, J.T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219–266. - Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. & Hugenberg, K. (2009). Social surrogacy: How favored television programs provide the experience of belonging. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 352–362.