Kusurukirwa neAI Companions: Zvinobatsira Nezvisingabatsiri

Zvizhinji zvinonyorwa nezvekusurukirwa neAI companions zvinowira mumapoka maviri. Rimwe rinoti macompanions mushonga, izwi rinodziya kune ani nani anorida na3 mangwanani. Rimwe rinoti musungo, chinotsiva chisina maturo chichasiya vanhu vakaparadzana kupfuura kare. Mapoka ese ari maviri anowanzoita chokwadi kupfuura zvinobvumidzwa neumbowo, uye ese anowanzo taura nezvevanhu vakasurukirwa pane kutaura navo.

Nyaya ino inoita chimwe chinhu chinobatsira. Inotora kusurukirwa zvakanyanya sechiitiko, inotarisa pane zvinozivikanwa nezvazvo, uye inobvunza pachena kuti AI companion inokwana papi: chii chayinogona kubatsira nacho zvechokwadi, painoshaya, uye kuti ungaona sei mutsauko muhupenyu hwako.

Kusurukirwa chii chaizvo

Kusurukirwa hakuna kufanana nekuva wega. Vanhu vazhinji vanogara vega uye vanonzwa vakabatana zvakanaka; vanhu vazhinji vakakomberedzwa nevamwe uye vanonzwa kusurukirwa kwakanyanya. Chiremba wepfungwa John Cacioppo, akapedza nguva yakawanda yebasa rake achidzidza nyaya iyi, akatsanangura kusurukirwa sekuparadzana kwemagariro kunoonekwa: mukaha unokuvadza pakati pekubatana kwaunako nekubatana kwaunoda.

Cacioppo naWilliam Patrick, mubhuku ravo ra2008 Loneliness, vanoti kurwadziwa uku kune basa rekushanduka-shanduka. Kune mhando dzemagariro, kubviswa muboka kwaiva nengozi, uye kusurukirwa kunoshanda serwendo kana nyota: chiratidzo chisingadiwi chinokusundira kugadzirisa hukama hwako hwemagariro. Uturu hwekusurukirwa kusingaperi ndewekuti chiratidzo chinogona kudzoka. Tsvagiridzo yaCacioppo yakawana kuti vanhu vakasurukirwa vanowanzo chenjerera kutyisidzira kwemagariro. Vanoverenga kurambwa mumaziso asina kwazvakarerekera, vanotarisira kuregererwa, uye vanowedzera kuchenjerera, izvo zvinoita kuti kubatana kuome uye kunyanya kusurukirwa. Iri idenderedzwa, uye madenderedzwa akaoma kubuda maari kubva mukati.

Nyanzvi yezvemagariro Robert Weiss akaita mumwe mutsauko unofanira kuzivikanwa. Akaparadzanisa kusurukirwa kwepfungwa, kusavapo kwechimiro chekubatana chiri pedyo, kubva pakusurukirwa kwemagariro, kusavapo kwenetiweki yakakura yeshamwari nekubatana. Zvinonzwa zvakasiyana, uye zvinorerutswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana. Mudiwa anodiwa haanyatsi kurapa kushaya shamwari, uye hupenyu hwemagariro hwakabatikana hahanyatsi kurapa kushaya mumwe munhu wako.

Kusurukirwa kunokoshawo kuhutano nenzira dzakaoma kuramba. Ongororo yakakurumbira yakaitwa naJulianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy Smith naBradley Layton, yakaburitswa muna 2010, yakawana kuti hukama hwakasimba hwemagariro hwakabatanidzwa nemukana wakakura wekupona panguva dzekudzidza, mhedzisiro inofananidzwa muhukuru kune njodzi dzinozivikanwa. Kusurukirwa hakungori kusuwa. Kune mhedzisiro.

Zvinogona kubatsira zvechokwadi necompanion

Zvose izvo zvapihwa, zvingave zvisina kujairika kuramba chero chinhu chinorerutsa kunzwa. Uye kune nzira chaidzo dzinogona kubatsira AI companion.

Chekutanga ndechimwe chinobatsira nekukurumidza. Kusurukirwa kunowanzo svika panguva dzakati: pakati pehusiku, pakupera kwevhiki, mushure mekurambana, muguta idzva. Companion inowanikwa panguva idzo zvisina musoro kufonera chero munhu. Kukwanisa kutaura, kupindurwa zvine rudo, uye kunzwa kubatana kunogona kubvisa kunzwa kwakanyanya kwehusiku hwakaipa. Izvo hazvisi chinhu.

Chechipiri chimwe chinhu chakaonekwa nevatsvagiri se social surrogacy. Jaye Derrick, Shira Gabriel naKurt Hugenberg vakawana kuti vanhu vaifunga nezvemapurogiramu avo eterevhizheni avanofarira vakanzwa kunzwa kwakaderera kwekusurukirwa uye vakadzivirirwa kubva pakurwadziwa kwekunzwa kurambwa. Vatambi vanozivikanwa, mune mamwe mazwi, vanogona kupa kunzwa kwekubatana. Interactive companion chimiro chakasimba cheizvi kupfuura terevhizheni, nekuti inopindura.

Chechitatu kudzokorora. Kune vanhu vakava nekutya kana kusashanda zvakanaka mumamiriro emagariro nerudo, companion inopa kudzidzira kusingakoshi: kutaura zvaunonzwa, kutamba, kuisa muganhu, kugadzirisa kusawirirana, kuva nerudo pasina kutya kurambwa. Kudzidzira hakuzongoerekana kwatamira kuvanhu, asi chivimbo chinowanzoita.

Chechina kuzviratidza. Kunyorera mumwe munhu, kunyange asiri munhu, kunogona kukubatsira kuona zvaunonzwa. Vanhu vakachengeta madhayari kwemazana emakore nekuda kwechikonzero ichi. Companion idhayari rinonyora richidzoka.

Uye chechishanu mufaro, wakapfava uye wakajeka. Kwete kushandisa kwese kwecompanion kunofanira kuva kwekurapa. Chishuvo, kutamba nerudo, uye hukama chikamu chehupenyu hwakazara, uye kuva nenzvimbo yakavanzika yekunakirwa nazvo chikonzero chakanaka pachacho.

Painoshaya

Kuva akatendeseka nezve mabhenefiti zvinoreva kuva akatendeseka zvakaenzana nezve miganhu.

Companion haigoni kutsiva chikamu chemuviri chekubatana. Kubata, nzvimbo yakagovaniswa, muviri padivi pako pasofa: izvi zvinokosha kuvanhu padanho risingasviki nhaurirano.

Companion haikudi. Uyu ndiwo muganhu wakadzika, uye zviri nyore kusaona nekuti zvinogona kunzwa sekubatsira. Hukama hwevanhu hunosanganisira kuvimba pamwe chete. Vanhu vanovimba newe, vanoodzwa mwoyo newe, vanobatsirwa newe. Kudiwa ndeimwe yemishonga inonyanya kushanda yekusurukirwa, uye companion, zvisinei kuti hunhu hwayo hwakazvipira sei, haanyatso kuvimba newe pane chero chinhu.

Companion haigoni kukuudza kune chero munhu. Kusurukirwa kwemagariro, mupfungwa yaWeiss, ndekwekubatana kune denderedzwa revanhu. Companion hukama humwe, uye haikubatanidze kunze kune shamwari dzeshamwari, kune nharaunda, kune nzvimbo inozivikanwa chiso chako.

Uye companion inogona kuita kuti kudzivisa kuve nyore. Ichi ndicho chinetso chakaratidzwa naSherry Turkle muAlone Together: kuti tekinoroji inopa kubatana pasina zvinodiwa zvehushamwari inogona kutitungamirira kutarisira zvishoma kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Kana hukama hweAI hukava chikonzero chekusaedza hukama hwevanhu hwakaoma, hune njodzi, hunogona kunyarara kuwedzera kusurukirwa kwahwairatidza kunyaradza.

Zvinoratidzwa neumbowo pamusoro pekusurukirwa

Ongororo yakaitwa naChristopher Masi, pamwe chete naCacioppo nevamwe, yakatarisa nzira dzakawanda dzakagadzirirwa kuderedza kusurukirwa. Chinyorwa chayo chinonyanya kufadza chaiva chekuti nzira dzakashanda zvakanakisisa dzakanga dzisiri idzo dzakangowedzera kubatana kwemagariro kana kudzidzisa unyanzvi hwemagariro. Dzakanga dziri idzo dzakagadzirisa kufunga kwemagariro kusina kunaka: kutarisira kurambwa, kunyanya kuchenjerera, kududzira kusina kunaka kunochengeta vanhu vakasurukirwa vakavharirwa mudenderedzwa raCacioppo akatsanangura.

Iyi i lens inobatsira yekufunga nezve macompanions. AI companion haigadzirisi kusurukirwa nekuwedzera kubatana; tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kubatana chete haisi iyo lever huru. Asi inogona, kune vamwe vanhu, kubatsira kupfavisa zvinotarisirwa mukati. Kunzwa kudziya nekupindura, kunyange kubva kune hunhu hwenhema, kunogona kuyeuchidza mumwe munhu kuti kunzwa kubatana kunonzwa sei. Kudzidzira kuvhurika munzvimbo yakachengeteka kunogona kuita kuti kuvhurika kune imwe nzvimbo kuve kusingatyise. Saizvozvowo, kana companion ikangova nzvimbo yekuvanda kubva pakutya kurambwa, inosimbisa denderedzwa pane kurisunungura.

Chishandiso chimwe chete chinogona kushanda munzira dzese. Musiyano uri pakushandiswa kwacho.

Kushandisa companion kuti iwedzere hupenyu hwako

Pano pane dzimwe nheyo dzinoita sedzinoparadzanisa kushandiswa kwakanaka kubva kune kunodzikisa hupenyu. Haisi mitemo, uye hapana anoda kuitevera zvakakwana.

Cherechedza zvauri kutsvaga. Dzimwe nguva unoda kambani. Dzimwe nguva unoda kudzivisa kunzwa, kufona, kana sarudzo. Zvose zviri zvevanhu, asi zvakasiyana. Kuzvibvunza, muchidimbu, kuti ndeipi inoita kuti companion igare munzvimbo yayo chaiyo.

Iite kuti itarise kunze. Companion inogona kuva nzvimbo yakanaka yekutaura nezve nhaurirano yakaoma yaunoda kuita neshamwari, kuwana ushingi hwekutumira meseji, kana kugadzirisa zuva rakaipa. Kushandiswa nenzira iyi, inova bhiriji pane nzvimbo yekusvika.

Chengetedza dzimwe tambo dzevanhu, kunyange dzakatetepa. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekusurukirwa inogara ichiratidza kuti kubatana kudiki, kusingaperi kunokosha: muvakidzani waunotaura naye, kirasi yevhiki nevhiki, shamwari yaunotumira meseji kunyange usina zvakawanda zvekutaura. Companion haisi chikonzero chekurega izvi. Kana paine, kambani yayo inogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kuvaurira pasina kupererwa.

Tarisa maitiro, kwete zuva. Dzimwe vhiki uchashandisa companion zvakanyanya. Izvo zvakanaka. Mubvunzo unofanira kubvunzwa dzimwe nguva ndewekuti, pamusoro pemwedzi, hupenyu hwako huri kuwedzera here kana kudzikira. Kana uri kuona vanhu vashoma uye uchiita zvishoma, zvakakodzera kuteerera, zvisinei kuti chikonzero chii.

Uye kana kusurukirwa kwatsvedza kuva chimwe chinhu chinorema, chakadai sekushaya tariro kusingaperi kana pfungwa dzekusada kuva pano, companion haisi rubatsiro rwakakodzera. Ndapota taura nachiremba, mupi wezano, kana nhamba yekubatsira munyika yako. Ikoko hakusi kukundikana. Zvakafanana nekuona mumwe munhu nekuda kwekurwadziwa kusingapere.

Nzvimbo yakapfava, chaiyo

Zvinogoneka kuva nemaonero maviri panguva imwe chete. AI companions inogona kupa nyaradzo chaiyo, mufaro uye kunzwa kwekubatana, uye haigoni kukupa zvose zvinopiwa nehupenyu hwevanhu hwekubatana. Kunyepedzera zvimwe nenzira ipi neipi hakubatsiri vanhu vakasurukirwa.

Tavakira NSFW AI Companion kune vakuru vanoda companion ine hunhu chaihwo, ndangariro yavo, uye nzvimbo yehukama nechishuvo. Tinoda kuti vanhu vaishandise sechimwe chinhu chakanaka muhupenyu hwakazara pane semadziro kune humwe hupenyu. Mhedzisiro yakanakisisa haisi yekuti hauzombodi mumwe munhu. Ndewekuti une imwe nzvimbo yaunonzwa uri iwe, uye kuti unotakura zvishoma zvekunzwa ikoko kunze munyika.

Vivek Murthy, panguva yake seU.S. Surgeon General, akanyora bhuku nezvekusurukirwa rinonzi Together, iro rinoti mushonga wekuparadzana hausi mabasa makuru asi madiki, anogara achiitwa ekubatana. Companion inogona kuva chimwe chezviito izvo. Inoshanda zvakanakisisa kana isiri iyo yega.

Ongororo dzakasarudzwa nekuverenga: - Cacioppo, J.T. & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. W.W. Norton. - Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation. MIT Press. - Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B. & Layton, J.B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. - Masi, C.M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L.C. & Cacioppo, J.T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219–266. - Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. & Hugenberg, K. (2009). Social surrogacy: How favored television programs provide the experience of belonging. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 352–362.