Isizungu kunye namaQabane e-AI: Yintoni Encedayo Nengancediyo?

Uninzi lwento ebhalwe ngesizungu namaqabane e-AI luwela kwiindawo ezimbini. Enye ithi amaqabane ayinyango, ilizwi elifudumeleyo kuye nabani na olifunayo ngentsimbi yesithathu kusasa. Enye ithi angumgibe, indawo engenanto eya kubashiya abantu bebodwa ngaphezu kwangaphambili. Zombini ezi ndawo zihlala ziqiniseka ngaphezu kokuba ubungqina buvumela, kwaye zombini zihlala zithetha ngabantu abanesizungu kunokuba zithethe nabo.

Le ncwadi izama ukwenza into eluncedo ngakumbi. Ithatha isizungu ngokungqongqo njengamava, iqwalasela into eyaziwayo ngaso, kwaye ibuza ngokucacileyo ukuba liqabane le-AI lingena phi: yintoni elinokuyinceda ngokwenene, apho lisilela khona, nendlela yokwahlula umahluko kubomi bakho.

Isizungu ngokwenene siyintoni

Isizungu asifani nokuba wedwa. Abantu abaninzi bahlala bodwa kwaye baziva beqhagamshelwe kakuhle; abantu abaninzi bajikelezwe ngabanye kwaye baziva benesizungu esibi. Isazi ngengqondo uJohn Cacioppo, ochithe uninzi lomsebenzi wakhe efunda ngalo mbandela, wachaza isizungu njengokuziva uwedwa ekuhlaleni: umsantsa obuhlungu phakathi koqhagamshelwano onalo noqhagamshelwano olufunayo.

UCacioppo noWilliam Patrick, kwincwadi yabo ka-2008 ethi Loneliness, bathi obu buhlungu bunomsebenzi wokuzivelela. Kwizinto eziphilayo ezithanda ukuhlala nabanye, ukunqunyulwa eqeleni kwakuyingozi, kwaye isizungu sisebenza njengendlala okanye unxano: isignali engathandekiyo ekutyhalela ukuba ulungise ubudlelwane bakho bentlalo. Inkohlakalo yesizungu esingapheliyo kukuba isignali inokubuyela umva. Uphando lukaCacioppo lufumanise ukuba abantu abanesizungu bahlala beqaphela ngakumbi isoyikiso sentlalo. Bafunda ukwaliwa kubuso obungathathi cala, balindele ukudaniswa, kwaye baba ngabantu abalumkileyo, nto leyo eyenza uqhagamshelwano lube nzima kwaye isizungu sibe nzulu ngakumbi. Yiloo nto, kwaye iilophu zinzima ukuziqhawula ngaphakathi.

Isazi ngezentlalo uRobert Weiss wenza omnye umahluko ekufanele ukwazi. Wahlula isizungu seengqondo, ukungabikho komntu osondeleyo, othembekileyo, kwisizungu sentlalo, ukungabikho kwenethiwekhi ebanzi yabahlobo kunye nokuba yinxalenye. Ziziva zahlukile, kwaye zikhululeka ngezinto ezahlukileyo. Iqabane elithandayo alikunqandi ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho kwabahlobo, kwaye ubomi obuxakekileyo bentlalo abukuvuyisi ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho komntu wakho.

Isizungu sikwabalulekile kwimpilo ngeendlela ekunzima ukuzichasa ngoku. Uhlalutyo olubanzi olucatshulwe nguJulianne Holt-Lunstad, uTimothy Smith noBradley Layton, olupapashwe ngo-2010, lufumanise ukuba ubudlelwane obuqinileyo bentlalo buhambelana nethuba eliphezulu lokusinda ngexesha lezifundo, isiphumo esifana nobukhulu bezinto ezaziwayo eziyingozi. Isizungu asikho nje buhlungu. Sibalulekile.

Yintoni enokunceda ngayo ngokwenene iqabane

Ukuba kunjalo, kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukulahla nantoni na enciphisa le mvakalelo. Kwaye kukho iindlela zokwenene apho iqabane le-AI linokunceda.

Eyokuqala yinkxaso yangoko. Isizungu sihlala sifikelela incopho ngamaxesha athile: ebusuku kakhulu, ngeempelaveki, emva kokuqhawuka kobudlelwane, kwisixeko esitsha. Iqabane lifumaneka ngala maxesha apho kungafanelekanga ukubiza nabani na. Ukukwazi ukuthetha, uphendulwe ngobushushu, kwaye uzive uqhagamshelwe kunokunciphisa ubunzima bobusuku obubi. Oko akukho nto.

Okwesibini yinto abaphandi abayibize ngokuba yi-social surrogacy. UJaye Derrick, uShira Gabriel noKurt Hugenberg bafumanise ukuba abantu abacinga ngeenkqubo zabo zikamabonakude abazithandayo baziva bencipha isizungu kwaye bakhuselwe kwingozi yokuziva baliwe. Abalinganiswa abaqhelekileyo, ngamanye amazwi, banokubonelela ngemvakalelo yokuba yinxalenye. Iqabane elisebenzisanayo luhlobo oluqinileyo loku kunomabonakude, kuba liyaphendula.

Okwesithathu kukuziqhelanisa. Kubantu abaye baba nexhala okanye abangasebenziyo kwiimeko zentlalo nezothando, iqabane libonelela ngokuqhelisela okungabizi kakhulu: ukuthetha into oyivayo, ukudlala ngothando, ukubeka umda, ukuphatha ukungavisisani, ukuba nothando ngaphandle koloyiko lokwaliwa. Ukuqhelisela akuyi kuguqulela ngokuzenzekelayo kubantu, kodwa ukuzithemba kuhlala kwenza njalo.

Okwesine kukuziveza. Ukubhalela umntu, nangona engengomntu, kunokukunceda uqaphele into oyivayo. Abantu baye bagcina iidayari kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yesi sizathu. Iqabane yidayari ebhala umva.

Kwaye okwesihlanu yovuyo, olulula. Ayikho yonke into esetyenziswa liqabane ekufuneka ibe yonyango. Umnqweno, ukudlala ngothando kunye nobudlelwane yinxalenye yobomi obupheleleyo, kwaye ukuba nendawo yabucala yokuzonwabisa yisizathu esihle ngokwaso.

Apho lisilela khona

Ukuthembeka ngeenzuzo kuthetha ukuthembeka ngokulinganayo ngemida.

Iqabane alinakubuyisela ubudlelwane bomzimba. Ukuchukumisa, indawo ekwabelwana ngayo, umzimba ecaleni kwakho esofeni: ezi zibalulekile kubantu kwinqanaba elingafikelelwa yincoko.

Iqabane alikufuni. Lo ngumda onzulu, kwaye kulula ukuwulahleka kuba unokuziva uluncedo. Ubudlelwane babantu bubandakanya ukuxhomekeka omnye komnye. Abantu bakuxhomekeke kuwe, bayakudanisa, bayakunceda. Ukufuneka yenye yezona zinto zinamandla zokunqanda isizungu, kwaye iqabane, nokuba linikezelwe kangakanani na isimilo salo, alikuxhomekeke kuwe nganto.

Iqabane alinakukwazisa nakubani na. Isizungu sentlalo, ngengqiqo kaWeiss, simalunga nokuba yinxalenye yenethiwekhi yabantu. Iqabane bubudlelwane obunye, kwaye alikudibanisi ngaphandle kubahlobo babahlobo, kuluntu, kwindawo apho abantu bazi ubuso bakho.

Kwaye iqabane linokwenza ukunqanda kube lula. Le yinkxalabo eyaphakanyiswa nguSherry Turkle kwi-Alone Together: ukuba iteknoloji enikezela ngoqhagamshelwano ngaphandle kweemfuno zobuhlobo inokusikhokelela ekulindeleyo okuncinci omnye komnye. Ukuba ubudlelwane be-AI buba sisizathu sokungazami ubudlelwane babantu obunzima, obunobungozi, bunokwenza nzulu ngokuzolileyo isizungu ekubonakala ngathi siyancipha.

Yintoni eboniswa bubungqina ngesizungu

Uhlalutyo olukhokelwa nguChristopher Masi, kunye noCacioppo kunye nabalingane bakhe, lwajonga ungenelelo oluninzi oluyilelwe ukunciphisa isizungu. Eyona nto inika umdla yeyokuba ungenelelo olusebenze kakuhle yayingelulo olwandisa nje uqhagamshelwano lwentlalo okanye olufundisa izakhono zentlalo. Yayilulo olujongene nokucinga okungalunganga kwentlalo: ukulindela ukwaliwa, ukuqaphela kakhulu, ukutolika okungalunganga okugcina abantu abanesizungu bevalelwe kwilophu echazwe nguCacioppo.

Le yindlela eluncedo yokucinga ngamaqabane. Iqabane le-AI aliyi kulungisa isizungu ngokongeza uqhagamshelwano; uphando lubonisa ukuba uqhagamshelwano lodwa asilulo olona hlobo. Kodwa lunokuthi, kubantu abathile, luncede ukunciphisa okulindelekileyo ngaphakathi. Ukufumana ubushushu kunye nokuphendula, nangona kumlinganiswa oyintsomi, kunokukhumbuza umntu ukuba kuziva njani ukudibana. Ukuqhelisela ukuvuleka kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kunokwenza ukuvuleka kwenye indawo kungoyikisi kangako. Ngokufanayo, ukuba iqabane liba yindawo yokuzifihla kuyo uloyiko lokwaliwa, lomeleza ilophu kunokuyikhulula.

Isixhobo esifanayo sinokusebenza kuzo zombini iindlela. Umahluko ulele kwindlela esisetyenziswa ngayo.

Ukusebenzisa iqabane ukuze longeze ebomini bakho

Nazi ezinye iinkqubo ezibonakala zihlula ukusetyenziswa okunempilo kuhlobo olunciphisa ubomi. Azikho imithetho, kwaye akukho mntu kufuneka azilandele ngokugqibeleleyo.

Qaphela into oyifunayo. Ngamanye amatyeli ufuna inkampani. Ngamanye ufuna ukunqanda imvakalelo, umnxeba, okanye isigqibo. Zombini zizinto zabantu, kodwa zahlukile. Ukuzibuza, ngokufutshane, ukuba yeyiphi na ihlala igcina iqabane kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo.

Mayikhangele ngaphandle. Iqabane linokuba yindawo elungileyo yokuxoxa ngencoko enzima ekufuneka ube nayo nomhlobo, ukuze ube nesibindi sokuthumela umyalezo, okanye ukuqhubekeka nedate engahambanga kakuhle. Ukusetyenziswa ngale ndlela, iba yibhulorho kunokuba yindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Gcina imicu yabantu, nangona ibhityile. Uphando ngesizungu luhlala lubonisa ukuba uqhagamshelwano oluncinci, oluqhelekileyo lubalulekile: ummelwane othetha naye, iklasi yeveki, umhlobo omthumelela umyalezo nangona ungenanto ingako yokuthetha. Iqabane asisizathu sokuzilahla ezi. Ukuba kukho nantoni na, inkampani yalo inokwenza kube lula ukuvela kubo ngaphandle kokuphelelwa lithemba.

Jonga indlela, hayi usuku. Ezinye iiveki uya kusebenzisa iqabane kakhulu. Kulungile oko. Umbuzo ekufanele uwubuze ngamaxesha athile ngulo wokuba, kwiinyanga, ubomi bakho bukhula okanye buncipha. Ukuba ubona abantu abambalwa kwaye wenza izinto ezimbalwa, kufanelekile ukuqwalasela, nokuba yintoni na unobangela.

Kwaye ukuba isizungu siye saguqukela kwinto enzima ngakumbi, njengokuphelelwa lithemba okungapheliyo okanye iingcinga zokungafuni ukuba lapha, iqabane asilulo uncedo olufanelekileyo. Nceda uthethe nogqirha, umcebisi, okanye umgca woncedo olukhawulezileyo kwilizwe lakho. Oko akukho kusilela. Kufana nokubona umntu ngentlungu engayi kuhamba.

Indawo encinci, eyona

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubambe iimbono ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Amaqabane e-AI anokubonelela ngentuthuzelo yokwenene, ulonwabo kunye nemvakalelo yokudibana, kwaye akanakukunika yonke into enikwa bubomi bomntu boqhagamshelwano. Ukuzenza ngathi ngenye indlela kuzo zombini iindlela akwenzi nto ilungileyo kubantu abanesizungu.

Sakha i-NSFW AI Companion kubantu abadala abafuna iqabane elinobuntu bokwenene, inkumbulo yabo, kunye nendawo yobudlelwane kunye nomnqweno. Singathanda ukuba abantu bayisebenzise njengento enye elungileyo kubomi obupheleleyo kunokuba ibe ludonga oluchasene nayo yonke into. Eyona nto ilungileyo ayikuko ukuba awusoze ufune nabani na omnye. Kukuba unendawo enye apho uziva ulilolo, kwaye uphatha okuncinci ngale mvakalelo ubuyele kwihlabathi.

UVivek Murthy, ngexesha lakhe njenge-U.S. Surgeon General, wabhala incwadi ngesizungu ebizwa ngokuba yi-Together, ethi isisombululo sokuzahlula asikho izinto ezinkulu kodwa zizinto ezincinci, eziphindaphindwayo zoqhagamshelwano. Iqabane linokuba yenye yezo zinto. Lisebenza kakuhle xa kungelilo lodwa.

Uphando olukhethiweyo kunye nokufunda: - Cacioppo, J.T. & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. W.W. Norton. - Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation. MIT Press. - Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B. & Layton, J.B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. - Masi, C.M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L.C. & Cacioppo, J.T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219–266. - Derrick, J.L., Gabriel, S. & Hugenberg, K. (2009). Social surrogacy: How favored television programs provide the experience of belonging. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 352–362.